Thanks! That's very helpful!
I'm still holding out hope I can get just enough information from Sovol3D's support to make use of the debug pins, but for now I'll probably just run Octo4a on an old phone and at least monitor jobs visually via the camera 
The serial connection to the printerboard is occupied by Klipper. You can't bypass that, because Klipper is a firmware that runs on two hardware sections:
- The printerboard/MCU as hardware driver/interface
- The main SBC where the calculations are performed.
You can't connect to the printerboard, you have to connect to Klipper on the SBC. And that is only possible via a virtual serial interface.
For further information on how Klipper works: Klipper Architecture / Ecosystem - Knowledge Base - Klipper
Amazing, that's exactly the information and level of detail I needed, even though it's not the answer I wanted 
So, the best I can probably come up with is something like this then:
ββββββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β β β
β home network β β printer network β
β β
β βββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β β β β β
β β phone β β raspberry pi β β Sovol3D SV06 ACE β β
β β β β β β β β
β βββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β βββββββββββββ β β β
β β β β β β
β β desktop β β β β
β β β β β β
β βββββββββββββ β β β
β β β β
ββββββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
- broadcast a new WiFi network from the Pi, connect the printer to that network
- connect the Pi to my home network via ethernet
- I'd have connections from printer to my home network and/or the internet disabled except when doing a firmware update
- the Pi can proxy HTTP requests from my home network to the printer
- I can share the serial devices on the printer across its network to the Pi, so that OctoPrint, etc can connect to a serial device
As long Klipper is running on that printer board: you can't.
Ah, of course
Sorry for making you repeat yourself (and thanks for being so patient)
Cheers!