There's definitely something wrong with the printer's hardware or firmware as far as it looks when it is connected to OctoPrint. The bed temperature is very variable (as it is reporting, I doubt the measurements are accurate). Aside from the section already shown,
At 16:35, the temperature is reporting as ~12 degrees:
| Recv: T:53.1 /0.0 B:12.5 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: T:53.0 /0.0 B:12.6 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: T:53.0 /0.0 B:12.5 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: T:52.9 /0.0 B:12.4 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: T:52.7 /0.0 B:12.5 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: T:52.7 /0.0 B:12.4 /60.0 @:0 B@:0 W:?
| Recv: Error:MINTEMP triggered, system stopped! Heater_ID: bed
Then a minute later at 16:36 when you reconnected it was reporting only ~5 degrees:
| Recv: ok T:46.1 /0.0 B:5.8 /0.0 @:0 B@:0
| Send: M140 S60
| Recv: ok
| Send: M105
| Recv: ok T:45.7 /0.0 B:5.6 /60.0 @:0 B@:0
| Recv: Error:MINTEMP triggered, system stopped! Heater_ID: bed
This one is worse, at 16:43, the temperature dropped by over 10 degrees between reports, which should be intervals of 2 seconds (usually):
| Recv: ok T:215.4 /215.0 B:59.7 /60.0 @:41 B@:127
[...]
| Recv: ok T:215.2 /215.0 B:48.3 /60.0 @:43 B@:127
[...]
| Recv: Error:MINTEMP triggered, system stopped! Heater_ID: bed
And again on the next connection, a huge swing:
| Recv: ok T:216.7 /215.0 B:42.0 /60.0 @:23 B@:0
[...]
| Recv: ok T:214.7 /215.0 B:60.2 /60.0 @:50 B@:0
[...]
| Recv: Error:MINTEMP triggered, system stopped! Heater_ID: bed
Usually, this looks like a thermistor loose connection or short. If the temperature reporting is perfectly stable when the printer is printing from the SD card, then perhaps having the USB cable connected to the printer is introducing an electrical fault somewhere, or some interference on the line. Make sure that when you are printing from OctoPrint, you also leave the SD card in the printer as we have seen this cause bugs with other printers (Creality) in the past.