OctoPrint version, OctoPi version, printer, firmware, browser, operating system, ... as much data as possible
OctoPrint version 1.10.2 , OctoPi version latest version , printer mingda magician x, firmware 1.6.6.6, browser brave, operating system windows 11, ... as much data as possible
A little sleuthing around leads me to believe that the firmware in the printer is some flavor of Marlin. An optional side project, you should contact Mingda and ask them for the firmware sources as they are required by the Marlin license to make it available.
There are three hardware ports, a USB-A, an SD card slot, and a USB-C. The USB-A appears to be used for flash drives with gcode files similar to the SD card. That leaves the USB-C port as a possible connection point. Please follow the steps documented in the following forum topic including the step using a cell phone to verify that you have a USB-A to USB-C data cable.
Not sure if you’ve resolved your issues, I have a Magician X2. No problem with octoprint through the usb-c port on my end.
Maybe a fault port on your printer?
What about drivers? Checked your device manager?
On both machines, I can establish a connection via the USB C port, using a verified USB-C Data cable. What's unusual is the connection is unstable - I can do one or even two prints fine, but on a longer print, it will time out. I haven't been able to resolve the issue.