I've installed Octoprint on a Raspberry Pi 3B and it's connected to my Artillery Sidewinder X2 using the USB interface. At first for shorter prints (<2h) the setup is working properly but recently with any longer prints I run the risk of Octoprint disconnecting from the printer. The problem is similar to this post, but it doesn't look like it was resolved.
OctoPrint version, OctoPi version, printer, firmware, browser, operating system, ... as much data as possible
OctoPrint Version 1.9.2
OctoPi Build 2023.07.18.111854, based on OctoPi 1.0.0, running on Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2
Printer Artillery Sidewinder X2
Browser - Firefox
OS Windows 10, Android, iOS
Its likely some kind of interference. Could be power related but your log does not seem to show anything on that.
Turn on the serial.log and send that so we can see what it received. That said, it is not likely to really help, most of these issues are cable/noise related.
Some other general things to consider... All found in many other posts.. also not an exhaustive list on the topic.
Are you using a good quality cable?
Is the cable as short as it can be?
Is the cable shielded?
Does the cable running past the servo cables? Does it have a ferrite bead on it? (I have never needed this one but some say it has fixed their issues.)
There is also a featured post that is directly related but easy to miss.
Are you blocking the power line form the printer to the Pi? There are multiple ways to solve this.
This thread has a number of them listed.. From the quick and risky to the costly and unnecessary. Also a few in the middle ground.